35 Sample Topics to test the MSST

1. Cellular Respiration and Energy Production
   (Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, ATP synthesis)

2. Photosynthesis and Carbon Fixation in Plants
   (Light-dependent and light-independent reactions, chloroplast structure)

3. Newton’s Laws of Motion and Their Applications
   (Forces, acceleration, friction, inertia, momentum)

4. The Structure and Function of DNA and the Central Dogma
   (Replication, transcription, translation, protein synthesis)

5. Ecosystems and Energy Flow
   (Food chains/webs, trophic levels, cycling of matter and energy)

6. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
   (Ionic, covalent, metallic bonds, molecular geometry, polarity)

7. The Water Cycle and Its Global Impact
   (Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff)

8. Human Circulatory System and Blood Flow
   (Heart structure, arteries, veins, capillaries, oxygen and nutrient transport)

9. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Interactions
   (Wavelength, frequency, absorption, emission, practical uses)

10. Plate Tectonics and Earth’s Geological Processes
    (Crust, mantle, core, earthquakes, volcanoes, continental drift)

11. The Nitrogen Cycle and Its Importance for Life
    (Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilation)

12. Supply and Demand in Economic Systems
    (Markets, price equilibrium, elasticity, shifts in curves)

13. Human Immune System Defense Mechanisms
    (Innate vs. adaptive immunity, antibodies, vaccines, pathogens)

14. Mendelian Genetics and Inheritance Patterns
    (Dominant/recessive traits, Punnett squares, genotypes/phenotypes)

15. World War II: Causes, Key Events, and Outcomes
    (Axis/Allied powers, major battles, political and economic impacts)

16. Acids, Bases, and pH in Chemical Reactions
    (Arrhenius/Brønsted-Lowry theories, neutralization, indicators)

17. The Human Digestive System and Nutrient Absorption
    (Mechanical/chemical digestion, enzyme function, absorption)

18. Elections and the Electoral College in the U.S.
    (Popular vs. electoral vote, swing states, voting rights, process)

19. Cell Cycle and Mitosis/Meiosis
    (Phases, checkpoints, genetic variation, errors)

20. Evolution by Natural Selection
    (Variation, selection pressures, adaptation, speciation)

21. The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
    (Photosynthesis/respiration, fossil fuels, greenhouse gases)

22. Ohm’s Law and Basic Electrical Circuits
    (Voltage, current, resistance, series and parallel circuits)

23. The Structure and Function of the Nervous System
    (Neurons, synapses, brain regions, sensory/motor pathways)

24. Atmospheric Layers and Weather Patterns
    (Troposphere/stratosphere, jet streams, weather systems)

25. Industrial Revolution: Causes and Societal Changes
    (Technological innovation, urbanization, labor movements)

26. The Process of Scientific Inquiry and Experimental Design
    (Hypothesis, controls, variables, analysis, replication)

27. The Bill of Rights and Its Impact on Civil Liberties
    (Key amendments, court interpretations, limits and protections)

28. Properties of Gases and Gas Laws
    (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Ideal Gas Law, real vs. ideal gases)

29. The Human Reproductive System and Fertilization
    (Anatomy, gametogenesis, fertilization, pregnancy stages)

30. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration: A Comparison
    (Inputs, outputs, energy transfer, role in ecosystems)

31. World Religions and Their Historical Impacts
    (Core beliefs, spread, influence on culture/politics)

32. The Judicial System and Supreme Court in the U.S.
    (Structure, role, judicial review, landmark cases)

33. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology
    (Genetic/species/ecosystem diversity, threats, preservation strategies)

34. The Periodic Table: Organization and Trends
    (Groups/periods, atomic number, periodicity, reactivity trends)

35. The Structure and Function of the U.S. Government
    (Including branches, checks and balances, federalism, and how laws are made)